Purpose, Function
The crankshaft converts the reciprocating movement of the piston to a rotational movement via the connecting rod.
The main bearing forms an oil film on the outer surface of the crankshaft journal to prevent wear due to sliding.
Construction
Crankshaft
The crankshaft is installed to the inside (crankcase) of the cylinder block.

The crankshaft has a key groove to match timing to the crankshaft pulley.
The crankshaft has the following parts shown in the figure.

The optimized shaft diameter ratio of the crankshaft journal and crank pin has reduced sliding resistance while maintaining rigidity.
The steel crankshaft has five bearings and eight counterweights for improved accuracy in the rotational balance.
The crankshaft journal and crank pin have been induction hardened* to bear high loads.
The crankshaft has an oil passage for supplying engine oil to the crankshaft journal and crank pin.

Main bearing
The main bearing is installed to the outer surface of the crankshaft journal.
The upper main bearing and lower main bearing are made of aluminum alloy.
The upper main bearing has an oil groove and oil hole.
Thrust force is suppressed by the thrust bearings on both sides of the No.3 journal.

Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor
Motor MountsDifferential Oil Replacement
1. Place the vehicle on level ground.
2. Remove the filler plug.
3. Remove the drain plug and drain the differential oil into a container.
4. Install a new washer and the drain plug, and tighten.
Tightening torque
40—53 N·m {4.1—5.4 kgf·m, 30—39 ft·lbf}
5. Add the ...
Front Heat Duct Removal/Installation
1. Disconnect the negative battery cable..
2. Remove the following parts:
a. Dashboard under cover.
b. Side wall.
c. Glove compartment.
3. Detach the tab and remove the front heat duct.
LH
RH
4. Install in the reverse order of removal. ...
Miller Cycle Engine
Outline
The Miller cycle engine is a high-efficiency engine which achieves high fuel
economy performance by obtaining a high-expansion ratio.
The Miller cycle engine achieves a high-expansion ratio without increasing
its effective compression ratio by retarding the intake air va ...